With the waves of technological improvements, rules evolutions, and changes in investor behavior over the past decade, the financial markets have been dramatically transformed. Among the many structural reforms imposed upon broker-dealers, perhaps the most salient to their future is that related to market structure. Market structure changes have become increasingly significant over the past few years, emerging primarily as a considerable challenge to broker-dealers in building market transparency, enhancing investor protection, and solving fragmentation problems in the marketplace. However, though well-intentioned, this wave of change gives off a series of operational, technological, and strategic challenges to broker-dealers.