Fraud detection and risk management using machine learning have transformed how organizations protect themselves from financial crimes and operational threats. By leveraging algorithms that learn from historical data, machine learning can detect subtle patterns and anomalies often missed by traditional systems. These models can identify suspicious transactions, flag unusual behavior, and assess credit or operational risks in real time. Techniques such as decision trees, neural networks, and ensemble methods enable continuous improvement and adaptability to evolving fraud tactics. Moreover, machine learning enhances risk assessment by providing predictive insights, enabling proactive decision-making. It reduces false positives, minimizes manual review time, and improves accuracy. Integration with big data technologies allows for the processing of vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently. Overall, machine learning-driven fraud detection and risk management improve security, optimize operations, and help institutions stay ahead in a rapidly changing threat landscape. This approach is essential for financial services, e-commerce, insurance, and other data-driven industries.